Open-source carbon dioxide and volatile organic compound sensing and associations with defecation and urination events in horses

Table 2 Carbon dioxide, TVOC, and temperature associations with non-events, defecation, and urination

Measurement	Time Scale	Other	SE	Defecation	SE	Urination	SE	P-Value
CO_2, ppm⁺	0	565	1.98	613	24.6	539	29.5	0.134
	3	565^a	1.59	619^b	19.8	517^a	39.6	0.013
	5	566^a	1.44	606^b	18.0	506^ab	35.8	0.022
	10	556^a	1.33	586^ab	16.8	495^b	34.2	0.056
	15	566	1.28	583	16.1	516	35.3	0.219
TVOC, ppm^*	3	24.7	0.30	32.0	3.75	20.7	7.55	0.133
	5	24.7^a	0.24	32.8^b	3.01	17.3^a	6.04	0.013
	10	24.8^a	0.22	30.8^b	2.74	15.7^ab	5.46	0.022
	15	24.9	0.20	27.3	2.46	17.2	5.38	0.222
Temperature, C	0	18.4^a	0.026	19.7^b	0.033	17.9^a	0.66	< 0.001
	3	18.4^a	0.026	19.7^b	0.32	17.8^a	0.64	< 0.001
	5	18.4^a	0.025	19.7^b	0.31	17.7^a	0.62	< 0.001
	10	18.4^a	0.025	19.6^b	0.31	17.7^a	0.64	< 0.001
	15	18.4^a	0.025	19.7^b	0.31	17.9^a	0.69	< 0.001

⁺Carbon dioxide concentrations sensed by the open source sensor (CO₂)
^*Total volatile organic compound concentrations (TVOC) sensed by the open source sensor

ISSN: 3005-0707